The dynamics of climatic indicators in the сentral part of Belarus over the last 30-year period 1991–2020 (according to the lysimetric center «Minsk»)

The article presents data on the dynamics of climatic indicators (the amount of precipitation, air temperature, the amount of precipitation infiltration to a depth of 1,0–1,5 m, the flow of chemical elements with precipitation to the surface of sod-podzolic and peat lowland soils, the number of rainless periods (from may to september) according to the lysimetric center «Minsk» and the average annual data from the Minsk weather station for the period 1991–2020. It was found that the average annual annual precipitation in the lysimetric center Minsk decreased by 93,8 mm (13,6 %) compared with the average annual precipitation at the Minsk meteorological station (687,5 mm), including 26,9 mm in spring, 40,9 mm in summer, 16,1 mm in autumn, and 9,9 mm in winter. The average annual air temperature in the lysimetric center «Minsk» was 7,2 °C, with the average annual temperature for this period at the Minsk weather station being 6,9 °C, respectively, the sum of active air temperatures for may-september was 2472,8 and 233,0 °C, at the HCC – 1,26 and 1,53. The share of wet years accounted for 20 % (6 years), optimal – 20 % (6 years), slightly arid – 40 % (12 years), arid – 13,3 % (4 years) and very arid – 6,7 % (2 years). The amount of precipitation infiltration varies to a greater extent depending on the type and granulometric composition of soils: the total volume of precipitation infiltration averaged 108,9 l/m2 in sod-podzolic light loamy soil (liz. 1, 2), friable sand, underlain from a depth of 0,3 m by loose sands, (liz. 9, 10) – 164,6, sandy – 212,5 and peat lowland (in crop rotation) – 97,2 l/m2, with an average annual intake of chemical elements with precipitation on the surface of these soils, nitrate nitrogen – 13,6 kg/ha, ammonium – 16,2 and total nitrogen – 29,8, potassium – 12,0, phosphorus – 1,3, sulfur – 14,8, calcium – 36,1, magnesium – 4,5 and sodium – 9,3 kg/ha. The number of idle periods from May to September in Minsk averaged 4,7 periods, the total duration of idle time was 88.4 days (57,8 % of the value of the growing season), with a minimum duration of 11,9 days and a maximum of 29,4 days.

1. Голченко, М. Г. Влагообеспеченность и орошение земель в Белоруссии / М. Г. Голченко. – Минск : Ураджай, 1976. – 192 с.

2. Санец, Е. В. Химический состав атмосферных осадков и поверхностного стока в Минске / Е. В. Санец, Е. П. Овчарова, О. Е. Белькович // Природопользование : сб. науч. тр. / Нац. акад. наук Беларуси, Ин-т природопользования НАН Беларуси. – Минск, 2009. – Вып. 16. – С. 39–48.

3. Состояние природной среды Беларуси : экол. бюл. 2007 г.; под общ. ред. В. Ф. Логинова. – Минск : Минсктиппроект, 2008. – 376 с.

4. Interactions of atmospheric deposition with a mixed hardwood and a coniferous forest canopy at the Lake Clair Watershed (Duchesnay, Quebec) / D. Houle [et al.] // Canad. J. of Forest Research. – 1999. – Vol. 29, – № 12. – P. 1944–1957.

5. Janek, M. Wplyw drzewostanow iglastych na jakosc wod opadowych. 3. Doplyw depozytu do dna lasu w drzewostanach iglastych puszczy Augustowskiej / M. Janek // Pr. Inst. Badawczego Lesnictwa. Ser. A. – 2002. – № 3. – S. 97–107.

6. Пироговская Г. В. Поступление, потери элементов питания растений в системе атмосферные «осадки – почва – удобрение – растение» / Г. В. Пироговская. – Минск : Беларуская навука, 2018. – 227 с.

7. Гидрометцентр России : [сайт]. – М. 2025. – URL https://meteoinfo.ru/Novosti/99-pogoda-v-mire/17951-obnovlennyj-30-letnij-bazisnyj-period-otrazhaet-izmenenie-klimata (дата обращения: 19.03.2025).

8. Гольберг, М. А. Опасные явления погоды и урожай / М. А. Гольберг, Г. В. Волобуева, А. А. Фалей. – Минск : Ураджай, 1988. – 120 с.

9. Принципиальная схема агрометеорологической оценки засух, засушливости территории и засухоустойчивости сельскохозяйственных культур: метод. указания; сост. Н.И. Калинин ; ВАСХНИЛ, Всесоюз. ин-т растениеводства им. Н. И. Вавилова. – Л. : ВИР, 1981. – 38 с.