The indices of photosynthetic activity of the soybean variety «Adessa» (leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential) were determined in the agrometeorological conditions of 2023–2024. The influence of soil and agroclimatic conditions of the Central Soil and Ecological Province of Belarus on soybean productivity was established. It was found that under dry conditions in the initial phases of soybean vegetation, its productivity on sod-podzolic temporarily over-moistened loamy soils is 10–15 % higher (38,2 c/ha versus 34,1 c/ha) than on automorphic soils. With sufficient moisture (HTC = 1,25–1,45), productivity on automorphic soils is 20 % higher (39,3 c/ha versus 31,6 c/ha) than on temporarily over-moistened soils. A «strong» relationship (r = 0,84–0,97) was found between the yield indicators and the reserves of potassium, phosphorus and humus; a «strong» inverse relationship (r = –0,88) between the range of active moisture in the 0–20 cm layer and the indicators of mobile and active iron (r = –0,73); a «moderate» relationship with the indicators of photosynthetic activity (r = –0,31–0,39).

The article assesses the potential risks of deflation processes using sandy soil in the central part of the southern soil-ecological province as an example.
It was found that when cultivating perennial grasses, the probability of deflation development in the current meteorological conditions of 2024 was minimal in the territory of the studied key site. At the same time, when cultivating corn during the observation period, 17 days were noted with an average risk, 4 with a high risk, and 2 with a maximum, when a dust storm is likely to form.
The data obtained are fully consistent with previous studies and once again indicate the need to introduce soil-protective elements of agriculture on highly deflationhazardous soils.

In an experiment on sod-podzolic highly cultivated loamy soil, studies were carried out to study the parameters, the ratio of the main nutrients in corn plants, their dynamics over the main phases of crop development, depending on weather conditions and the level of mineral nutrition. The most balanced ratio of nutrients in corn grain was observed when using one nitrogen fertilizer in combination with foliar fertilizing of crops with MicroStim-Zinc, Boron and plant growth regulator Agropon S or organomineral fertilizer Forkrop Golden 10–14–4.

The results of studies on the effect of balanced mineral nutrition on barley yield when grown on sod-podzolic light loamy soil are presented. It was found that, on average, over two years of research, with the applikation of optimal doses of NPK, the yield was 51,7 c/ha. The absence or deficiency of any of the nutrients led to a significant decrease in grain yield. The most significant decrease in barley grain yield was observed when applying only potassium fertilizers (14,3 c/ha) and nitrogen-potassium fertilizers in an unbalanced ratio of N45K150 (13,8 c/ha).

The article presents the results of a study of the seasonal dynamics of the degree of phosphate mobility in corn and spring wheat crops on sod-podzolic light loamy highly cultivated soil. The effect of fertilizers and hydrothermal conditions on the change in this indicator during the growing season was established. The use of mineral phosphorus fertilizers increased the degree of phosphate mobility in the initial periods of growth of the studied crops by 0,14–0,31 mg/l of solution or by 10–28 %. The application of cattle manure increased the indicator by 0,23–0,45 mg/l of solution or 26–42 % in the year of action and in the first year of after-effect.
The effect of moisture conditions on changes in the indicator of the degree of phosphate mobility was established. The highest concentration of phosphates extracted by salt extract was noted under conditions of optimal soil moisture – 70–100 % of the lowest moisture capacity. With a decrease in moisture from 100 to 70 % of the lowest moisture capacity, the degree of phosphate mobility increased, and with a decrease in soil moisture below 70 % of the lowest moisture capacity, it decreased.

Correlation analysis showed a close negative relationship (r) between pH (r = –0,67), the content of exchangeable calcium (r = –0,69) and the content of humus (r = –0,61) in sod-podzolic sandy loam soil and the coefficients of transition (Kp) ⁹⁰Sr to oat grain. Less significant relationships are noted between (Kp) ⁹⁰Sr and the content of mobile potassium (r = –0,46), phosphorus (r = –0,36), and exchangeable magnesium (r = –0,42). The minimum accumulation of 90Sr is observed in the range of exchange acidity of 6,4– 6,9 pH. The share of arable soils contaminated with radionuclides in 47 districts of the Republic of Belarus in which minimal ⁹⁰Sr transfers to agricultural plants (pH more than 6,0) can be expected is 45,5 %. The humus content, at which the minimum accumulation of ⁹⁰Sr was noted, was in the range of 3,0–3,3 %, the most noticeable decrease in the intake of radiostrontium was observed up to 2,7 %. The content of exchangeable calcium, at which the minimum accumulation of ⁹⁰Sr by oat grain was noted, was in the range of 930–1033 mg/kg of soil, the most noticeable decrease in radiostrontium intake was observed up to 800 mg/kg of soil. The content of exchangeable magnesium, at which the minimum accumulation of 90Sr by oat grain was noted, was in the range of 260– 290 mg/kg of soil, the most noticeable decrease in radiostrontium intake was observed up to 230 mg/kg of soil. Based on the analysis of data on the selection of conjugate soil and plant samples for 2022–2024. The coefficients of the transfer of 90Sr to oat grain have been established depending on the exchangeable acidity of sod-podzolic sandy loam soils, on acidic soils the coefficients are 3,97–3,27, on neutral 1,04–0,77.

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of macro- and micro-fertilizers on the yield and quality of grain when cultivating winter barley on sod-podzolic lightly loamy soil. It has been established that an effective technique for increasing winter barley yield of winter barley is feeding plants with nitrogen, copper and manganese against the background of the application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

The article considers the influence of tillage methods and fertilization systems on the number of the main physiological groups of microorganisms in different layers of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, and studies their dynamics in the phases of winter wheat development. It was determined that the greatest activation of the studied microorganisms, regardless of the methods of soil cultivation, was facilitated by the mineral fertilization system and the organomineral system with the introduction of 40 t/ha of cattle bedding manure. The highest number of ammonifiers in fertilized variants was noted in the spring at the beginning of the growing season, autochthonous and cellulolytics – by the phase of flag leaf emergence, actinomycetes, oligocarbophiles and oligonitrophiles – in the pre-harvest period, the trend of changes in the number of amylolytics depended on the fertilizers applied. The exceptions were microorganisms on MPA in a block with disking in a layer of 10–20 cm (maximum by the end of the growing season), as well as oligonitrophils and autochthons in a layer of 0–10 cm (maximum at the beginning of the growing season).

The article presents data on the dynamics of climatic indicators (the amount of precipitation, air temperature, the amount of precipitation infiltration to a depth of 1,0–1,5 m, the flow of chemical elements with precipitation to the surface of sod-podzolic and peat lowland soils, the number of rainless periods (from may to september) according to the lysimetric center «Minsk» and the average annual data from the Minsk weather station for the period 1991–2020. It was found that the average annual annual precipitation in the lysimetric center Minsk decreased by 93,8 mm (13,6 %) compared with the average annual precipitation at the Minsk meteorological station (687,5 mm), including 26,9 mm in spring, 40,9 mm in summer, 16,1 mm in autumn, and 9,9 mm in winter. The average annual air temperature in the lysimetric center «Minsk» was 7,2 °C, with the average annual temperature for this period at the Minsk weather station being 6,9 °C, respectively, the sum of active air temperatures for may-september was 2472,8 and 233,0 °C, at the HCC – 1,26 and 1,53. The share of wet years accounted for 20 % (6 years), optimal – 20 % (6 years), slightly arid – 40 % (12 years), arid – 13,3 % (4 years) and very arid – 6,7 % (2 years). The amount of precipitation infiltration varies to a greater extent depending on the type and granulometric composition of soils: the total volume of precipitation infiltration averaged 108,9 l/m2 in sod-podzolic light loamy soil (liz. 1, 2), friable sand, underlain from a depth of 0,3 m by loose sands, (liz. 9, 10) – 164,6, sandy – 212,5 and peat lowland (in crop rotation) – 97,2 l/m2, with an average annual intake of chemical elements with precipitation on the surface of these soils, nitrate nitrogen – 13,6 kg/ha, ammonium – 16,2 and total nitrogen – 29,8, potassium – 12,0, phosphorus – 1,3, sulfur – 14,8, calcium – 36,1, magnesium – 4,5 and sodium – 9,3 kg/ha. The number of idle periods from May to September in Minsk averaged 4,7 periods, the total duration of idle time was 88.4 days (57,8 % of the value of the growing season), with a minimum duration of 11,9 days and a maximum of 29,4 days.

In studies on sod-podzolic light loamy soil, the use of a complete mineral fertilizer increased the yield of broccoli cabbage by 6,5–11,2 t/ha with better agronomic efficiency in the variant with the introduction of N90P50K90 into pre-sowing cultivation, various types of organic fertilizers (bedding manure, vermicompost, rabbit manure) – by 3,2– 3,5 t/ha with a total yield of heads in fertilized variants of 16,9–21,6 t/ha, net income from the complex use of fertilizers is 1837–3160 rubles/ha with a profitability of 61–177 %. The content of crude protein in the heads of broccoli cabbage in fertilized versions turned out to be 24,5–27,8 %, fat – 2,5–2,7 %, ash – 7,4–7,8 %, carbohydrates – 13,6–15,2 %, carotene – 1,8–2,1 mg/kg, vitamin C – 66,9–68,9 mg/100 g with nitrate content within the standard (900 mg/kg).

The soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Belarus are favorable for the growth and development of various bitter and aromatic hop varieties from different regions of the world. Of the cultivated bitter varieties, Hallertauer Magnum Bel (11,5– 13,3 c/ha) are distinguished by the yield level of cones, Pearl Bel (9,5–11,2 c/ha) from the aromatic group, and Hallertauer Magnum Bel (12,7–13,2 %) and Northern Brewer Bel (10,1–12,3 %). It should be noted the high potential productivity of the Pearl Bel variety, which is characterized by a large number of forming cones (4504–4783 pcs.) and maximum leaf mass (11.5–14.5 c/ha). The highest coefficients of the β/α acid ratio were obtained in Thettnanger Bel varieties (1,00–1,04). The effect of various doses of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers on the yield of hop cones has been established.