AZOSPIRILLUM SPP AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON GRAIN CROP (REVIEW)
Abstract
The review have shown the perspective of Azospirillum spp use as an acting agents of biofertilizers is connected with their ability to plant growth promotion, nitrogen fixation in association with grain crops, different nitrogen metabolism, chemotaxis and aerotaxis. Under the condition of choice of active Azospirillum strain possessing high capability of root colonization, N2-fixation, growth promotion as well as under the optimization of mineral N-nutrition of plants the application of Azospirillum spp may provide the real input of biological nitrogen in crop yield and the increase of protein content in crops.
About the Author
N. A. Mikhailouskaya
Институт почвоведения и агрохимии, г. Минск, Беларусь
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Beijerinck, M.W. Ueder ein Spirillum, welches freien Stickstoff binden kann? / M.W. Beijerinck // Zentralbaltt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde und Infektionskrankheiten. - 1925. - V. 63, № 2. - P. 353-359.
2. Dobereiner, J. Associative symbioses in tropical grasses: Characterization of microorganisms and dinitrogen fixing sites / J. Dobereiner, J.M. Day // Nitrogen Fixation: rroc. 1st Int. Symp. / Eds. W.E. Newton and C.J. Nyman; Washington State Univ. Press, Pullman, Washington, USA. - Washington, 1976. - P. 518-538.
3. Yoshida, T. Nitrogen fixing activity in upland and flooded rice fields / T. Yoshida, R.R. Ancajas // Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. - 1973. - V. 37. - P. 42-46.
4. Balandreau, J. Fixation biologique de l'azote moleculaire en savane de Laento (Basse Cote d'Ivoire): Resultats preliminaires / J. Balandreau, G. Willemin // Rev. Ecol. Biol Sol. - 1973. - V. 10. - P. 23-33.
5. Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of rice, maize and different tropical grasses / Y. Dommergues [et al.] // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 1973. - V. 5, № 1. - P. 83-89.
6. Dobereiner, J. Ecological distribution of Spirillum lipoferum Beijerinck / J. Dobereiner, J. Marriel, M. Nery // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1976. - V. 22. - P. 1464.
7. Dobereiner, J. Nitrogenase activity in the rhizosphere of sugar cane and some other tropical grasses / J. Dobereiner, J.M. Day, P.J. Dart // Plant Soil. - 1972. - V. 37. - P. 191-196.
8. Hill, S. Influence of oxygen concentration on the colony type of Derxiagummosa grown on nitrogen-free media / S. Hill // J. Gen. Microbiol. - 1971. - V. 67. - P. 77-83.
9. Hill, S. Environmental effects on the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria / S. Hill, J.W. Drozd, J.R. Postgate // J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol. - 1972. - V. 22. - P. 541-558.
10. Tarrand, J.J. A taxonomic study of the Spirillum lipoferum group, with descriptions of a new genus, Azospirillum gen nov., and two species Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck) comb. nov. and Azospirillum brasilense sp nov. / J.J. Tarrand, N.R. Kreig, J. Dobereiner // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1978. - V. 24. - P. 967-980.
11. Tyler, M.E. Isolation of Azospirillum from diverse geographic regions / M.E. Tyler, J.R. Milam, R.L. Smith // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1979. - V. 25, № 6. - P. 639-697.
12. Report of Seventh Australian legume nodulation Conference / Y. Barnet [et al.] // J. of Australian Institute of Agr. Sc. - 1984. - V. 50, № 1. - P. 30-34.
13. Hubbell, D.H. Associative N2 fixation with Azospirillum / D.H. Hubbell, M.H. Gaskins // Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Ecology, Technology and Physiology. - New York, London: Plenum Press, 1984. - P. 201-224.
14. Okon, Y. Developments in Basic and Applied Biological Nitrogen Fixation / Y. Okon, R.W.F. Hardy // Plant Physiology. Academic Press Inc. - 1983. - V. 8. - P. 5-54.
15. Vlassak, K. Association of free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria with plant roots in temperate region / K. Vlassak, L. Reynders // Micribiol. Ecol. B. - 1978. - P. 307-309.
16. Primenenie atsetilenovogo metoda dlya kolichestvennogo ucheta raznykh grupp azotfiksatorov metodom predel'nykh razvedenii / T.A. Kalininskaya [i dr.] // Mikrobiologiya. - 1981. - T. 50, № 5. - S. 924-927.
17. Mal'tseva, N.N. Azotfiksiruyushchaya bakteriya Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerinck) v pochve, rizosfere i rizoplane sel'skokhozyaistvennykh rastenii / N.N. Mal'tseva, V.V. Volkogon // Mikrobiologiya. - 1984. - T. 46, № 1. - S. 6-8.
18. Aktivnost' azotfiksatsii i azotfiksiruyushchie mikroorganizmy rizosfery ozimoi rzhi / N.N. Mal'tseva [i dr.] // Mikrobiologicheskii zhurnal. - 1992. - T. 54. - S. 10-16.
19. Vlassak, K. Agronomic aspects of biological dinitrogen fixation by Azospirillum spp in temperate zone / K. Vlassak, L. Reynders // Associative N2-fixation. - 1981. - V. 1. - P. 93-101.
20. Berestetskii, O.A. Azotfiksiruyushchaya aktivnost' v rizosfere i na kornyakh nebobovykh rastenii / O.A. Berestetskii, L.F. Vasyuk // Izv. AN SSSR, seriya biol. № 1. - 1983. - S. 44-50.
21. Umarov, M.M. Assotsiativnaya azotfiksatsiya / M.M. Umarov. - M.: MGU, 1986. - 132 s.
22. Haahtela, K. Root-associated N2-fixation (Acetylene reduction) by Enterobacteriaceae and Azospirillum strains in cold-climate spodosoils / K. Haahtela, T. Wartioraara, V. Sundman // Appl. Env. Microbiol. - 1981. - V. 41, № 41. - P. 203-206.
23. Lindberg, T. Nitrogenase activity and nitrogen fixing bacteria in cereals and forage grasses grown in Sweden: third Intern. Symp. on Nitrogen Fixation with non-legumes, Helsinki, 2-8 September, 1984. / T. Lindberg, U. Granhall. - Helsinki, 1984. - P. 83.
24. Kleeberger, A. The rhizosphera microflora of wheat and barley with special reference to Gram negative bacteria / A. Kleeberger, H. Castorf, W. Klingmuller // Arch. Microbiol. - 1983. - V. 136. - P. 306-311.
25. Lukin, S.A. Azospirilly i assotsiativnaya azotfiksatsiya u nebobovykh kul'tur v praktike sel'skogo khozyaistva / S.A. Lukin, P.A. Kozhevin, D.G. Zvyagintsev // Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya. - 1987. - № 1. - S. 51-58.
26. Krol, M.J. Wystepowane bakterii z rodzaju Azospirillum w ryzosferze kukurydzy i jeczmienia uprawianych na roznych glebach / M.J. Krol, J. Kobus // Zesz. Nauk. AR Szczec. - 1997. - V. 181. - P. 141-151.
27. Krol, M.J. Wystepowane Azospirillum w ryzosferze traw / M.J. Krol // Organizmy glebowe jako wskaznik procesow ekologicznych: materialy Ogolnopolskiego Sympozjum, Wroclaw 14-16 wrzesnia 1995. - Wroclaw, 1995.
28. Jaskowska, H. Wystepowane i charakterystyka bakterii z rodzaju Azospirillum w ryzosferze roslin zbozowych / H. Jaskowska // Praca doktorska. - Warszawa: SGGW, 1993.
29. Jaskowska, H. Occurrence of bacteria of the genus Azospirillum in rhizosphere of different cereal varieties / H. Jaskowska // Ann. WAU Agric. - 1994. - V. 27. - P. 61-65.
30. Kulinska, D. Occurrence of Azospirillum in Polish soils / D. Kulinska // Acta Microbiol. Pol. - 1983. - V. 32. - P. 265.
31. Kennedy, I.R. Biological nitrogen fixation in non-leguminous field crops: recent advances / I.R. Kennedy, Y. Tchan // Plant Soil. - 1992. - V. 141. - P. 93-118.
32. Kennedy, I.R. Non-symbiotic bacterial diazotrophs in crop-farming systems: can their potential for plant growth promotion be better exploited? / I.R. Kennedy, A.T.M.A. Chouhury, M.L. Kecskes // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 2004. - V. 36, № 8. - P. 1229-1244.
33. Baldani, V.L.D. Host-plant specificity in the infection of cereals with Azospirillum spp. / V.L.D. Baldani, J. Dobereiner // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 1980. - V. 12. - P. 433-440.
34. Michiels, K. Azospirillum - plant root associations: a review / K. Michiels, J. Vanderleyden, A. Gool // Biol. Fertil. Soils. - 1989. - V. 8. - P. 356-368.
35. Okon, Y. Advances in agronomy and ecology of the Azospirillum/plant association. Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals and applications / Y. Okon // Kluwer Academic Publishers. - Netherlands, 1995. - P. 635-652.
36. Vasyuk, L.F. Azotfiksiruyushchie mikroorganizmy na kornyakh nebobovykh rastenii i ikh prakticheskoe ispol'zovanie / L.F. Vasyuk // Biologicheskii azot v sel'skom khozyaistve SSSR. - 1989. - S. 88-98.
37. Nestsyarenka, V.M. Asatsyyatyunaya azotfiksatsyya u ryzaplane nebabovykh raslin va umovakh Belarusi / V.M. Nestsyarenka, L.A. Karagina // Vestsi AN BSSR. Seryya s.-g. navuk. - 1986. - № 1. - S. 36-39.
38. Volkogon, V.V. Assotsiativnaya azotfiksatsiya v kornevoi zone predstavitelei semeistva zlakovykh: avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk: 03.00.07 / V.V. Volkogon. - Kiev, 1987. - 18 s.
39. Nesterenko, V.N. Ispol'zovanie assotsiativnykh mikroorganizmov dlya povysheniya urozhainosti yachmenya i mnogoletnikh zlakovykh trav: avtoref. dis. …kand. s.-kh. nauk: 06.01.04. / V.N. Nesterenko. - Minsk, 1993. - 23 s.
40. Nesterenko, V.N. Kornevye diazotrofy nebobovykh kul'tur v dernovo-podzolistykh pochvakh Belorussii / V.N. Nesterenko // Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya. - 1987. - Vyp. 23. - S. 116-119.
41. Sadasivan, L. Cyst production and brown pigment formation in aging cultures of Azospirillum brasilense ATCC 29145 / L. Sadasivan, C.A. Neyra // J. Bacteriol. - 1987. - V. 169. - P. 1670-1677.
42. Tal, S. Production of the reserve material poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and its function in Azospirillum brasilense Cd. / S. Tal, Y. Okon // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1985. - V. 31. - P. 608-613.
43. Tal, S. The regulation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism in Azospirillum brasilense during balanced growth and starvation / S. Tal, P. Smirnoff, Y. Okon // J. Gen. Microbiol. - 1990. - V. 136. - P. 1191-1196.
44. Holl, P.G. Application of the indirect immunoperoxidase stain technique to the flagella of Azospirillum brasilense / P.G. Holl, N.R. Kreig // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. - 1984. - V. 47. - P. 433-435.
45. Cloning sequencing and phenotypic analysis of laf1, encoding the flagellum of the lateral flagella of Azospirillum brasilense Sp. 7 / S. Moens [et al.] // J. Bacteriol. - 1995. - V. 177. - P. 5419-5426.
46. Barak, R. Detection of chemotaxis in Azospirillum brasilense / R. Barak, I. Nur, Y. Okon // J. Appl. Bacteriol. - 1983. - V. 53. - P. 399-403.
47. Reinhold, B. Stain-specific chemotaxis of Azospirillum spp. / B. Reinhold, T. Hurek, I. Fendrik // J. Bacteriol. - 1985. - V. 162. - P. 190-195.
48. Zhulin, I.B. Motility, chemokinesis and methylation-independent chemotaxis in Azospirillum brasilense / I.B. Zhulin, J.P. Armitage // J. Bacteriol. - 1993. - V. 175. - P. 952-958.
49. Heinrich, D. Chemotactic attraction of Azospirillum lipoferum by wheat roots and characterization of some attractants / D. Heinrich, D. Hess // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1985. - V. 31. - P. 26-31.
50. Bashan, Y. Migration of the rhizosphere bacteria Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens towards wheat roots in the soil / Y. Bashan // J. Gen. Microbiol. - 1986. - V. 132. - P. 3407-3414.
51. Aerotactic response of Azospirillum brasilense / R. Barak [et al.] // J. Bacteriol. - 1982. - V. 152. - P. 643-649.
52. Oxygen taxis and proton motive force in Azospirillum brasilense / I.B. Zhulin [et al.] // J. Bacteriol. - 1996. - V. 178. - P. 5199-5204.
53. Recent advances in BNF with non-legume plants / J.I. Baldani [et al.] // Soil. Biol. Biochem. - 1997. - V. 29, № 5-6. - P. 911-922.
54. Sumner, M.E. Crop responses to Azospirillum inoculation / M.E. Sumner // Advances in Soil Science. - 1990. - V. 12. - P. 53-123.
55. Dobereiner, J. Nitrogen fixing rhizocoenoses / J. Dobereiner, H. De Polli // Nitrogen Fixation: Acad. Press, London. / Eds. W.D.P. Stewart and Y.R. Gallon. - London, 1980. - P. 301-333.
56. Patriquin, D.G. Light microscopy observations of tetrazolium-reducing bacteria in the endorhizosphere of maize and other grasses in Brazil / D.G. Patriquin, J. Dobereiner // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1978. - V. 24. - P. 734-742.
57. Fluorescent antibody technique to identify Azospirillum brasilense associated with roots of grasses / S.C. Schank [et al.] // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 1979. - V. 11. - P. 287-295.
58. Patriquin, D.G. Sites and processes of association between diazotrophs and grasses / D.G. Patriquin, J. Dobereiner, D.K. Jain // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1983. - V. 29. - P. 900-915.
59. Establishment of inoculated Azospirillum spp. in the rhizosphere and in roots of field grown wheat and sorghum / V.L.D. Baldani [et al.] // Plant and Soil. - 1986. - V. 90. - P. 35-46.
60. Okon, Y. Development and function of Azospirillum-inoculated roots / Y. Okon, Y. Kapulnik // Plant Soil. - 1986. - V. 90. - P. 3-16.
61. James, E.K. Nitrogen fixation in endophytic and associative symbiosis / E.K. James // Field Crop Research. - 2000. - V. 65, № 2/3. - P. 197-209.
62. Bashan, Y. Current status of Azospirillum inoculation technology: Azospirillum as a challenge for agriculture / Y. Bashan, H. Levanony // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1990. - V. 36. - P. 591-608.
63. Nonspecific responses in plant growth, yield and root colonization of noncereal crop plants to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense Cd / Y. Bashan [et al.] // Can. J. Botany. - 1989. - V. 67. - P. 1317-1324.
64. Dobereiner, J. Ten years Azospirillum / J. Dobereiner // Azospirillum II, Genetics, Physiology, Ecology. / Ed. W. Klingmuller; Experienta Suppl. - 1983. - V. 48. - P. 9-23.
65. Gafny, R. Adsorption of Azospirillum brasilense to corn roots / R. Gafny, Y. Okon, M. Fischer // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 1986. - V. 18. - P. 69-75.
66. Bashan, Y. The fate of field-inoculated Azospirillum brasilense Cd in wheat rhizosphere during the growing season / Y. Bashan, H. Levanony, O. Ziv-Vecht // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1987. - V. 33. - P. 1074-1079.
67. Bashan, Y. Evidence for a weak active external adsorption of Azospirillum brasilense Cd to wheat roots / Y. Bashan, H. Levanony, E. Klein // J. Gen. Microbiol. - 1986. - V. 132. - P. 3069-3072.
68. Bashan, Y. Factors affecting adsorption of Azospirillum brasilense Cd to root hairs as compared with root surface of wheat / Y. Bashan, H. Levanony // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1989. - V. 35. - P. 936-944.
69. Kapulnik, Y. Changes in root morphology of wheat caused by Azospirillum inoculation / Y. Kapulnik, Y. Okon, Y. Henis // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1985. - V. 31. - P. 881-887.
70. Umali-Garcia, M. Association of Azospirillum with grass roots / M. Umali-Garcia [et al.] // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. - 1980. - V. 39. - P. 219-226.
71. Jain, D.K. Root hair deformation, bacterial attachment and plant growth in wheat-Azospirillum association / D.K. Jain, D.G. Patriquin // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. - 1984. - V. 48. - P. 1208-1213.
72. Tien, T.M. Plant growth substances produced by Azospirillum brasilense and their effect on the growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) / T.M. Tien, M.H. Gaskins, D.H. Hubbell // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. - 1979. - V. 37, № 5. - P. 1016-1024.
73. Jain, D.K. Characterization of a substance produced by Azospirillum which causes branching of wheat root hairs / D.K. Jain, D.G. Patriquin // Can. J. Microbiol. - 1985. - V. 31. - P. 206-210.
74. Zvyagintsev, D.G. Pochva i mikroorganizmy / D.G. Zvyagintsev - M.: MGU, 1987. - 256 s.
75. Lin, W. Enhanced mineral uptake by Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor roots inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense / W. Lin, Y. Okon, R.W.F. Hardy // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. - 1983. - V. 45. - P. 1775-1779.
76. Sarig, S. Improvement of the water status and yield of field grown grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) by inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense / S. Sarig, A. Blum, Y. Okon // J. Agric. Sci. Camb. - 1988. - V. 110. - P. 271-277.
77. Cloning sequencing and phenotypic analysis of laf1, encoding the flagellum of the lateral flagella of Azospirillum brasilense Sp. 7 / S. Moens [et al.] // J. Bacteriol. - 1995. - V. 177. - P. 5419-5426.
78. Moens, S. Glycosylation of the flagellin of the polar flagellum of Azospirillum brasilense, a Gram-negative nitrogen-fixing bacterium / S. Moens, K. Michiels, J. Vanderleyden // Micribiology. - 1995. - V. 141. - P. 2651-2657.
79. Michiels, K.W. Two different modes of attachment of Azospirillum brasilense Sp 7 to wheat roots / K.W. Michiels, C.L. Croes, J. Vanderleyden // J. Gen. Microbiol. - 1991. - V. 137. - P. 2241-2246.
80. The effect of wheat germ agglutinin on dinitrogen fixation, glutamine synthetase activity and ammonia excretion in Azospirillum brasilense Sp 245 / L.P. Antonyuk [et al.] // FEMS Microbiol. Lett. - 1993. - V. 110. - P. 285-209.
81. Zimmer, W. An alternative explanation for plant growth promotion by bacteria of the genus Azospirillum / W. Zimmer, K. Roeben, H. Bothe // Planta. - 1988. - V. 176. - P. 333-342.
82. Roper, M.M. Biological N2 fixation by heterotrophic and phototrophic bacteriain association with straw / M.M. Roper, J.K. Ladha // Plant Soil. - 1995. - V. 174. - P. 211-224.
83. Zimmer, W. The phytohormonal interactions between Azospirillum and wheat / W. Zimmer, H. Bothe // Nitrogen fixation with non-legumes / Eds. F.A. Skinner [et al]. - Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989. - P. 137-145.
84. Aspects of nitrogen fixation and denitrification by Azospirillum / G. Danneberg [et al.] // Plant Soil. - 1986. - V. 90. - P. 193-202.
85. Transformations of inorganic nitrogen by Azospirillum spp. / H. Bothe [et al.] // Arch. Microbiol. - 1981. - V. 130. - P. 96-100.
86. Azospirillum and related organisms: ecological, physiological, biochemical and genetics aspects / H. Bothe [et al.] // Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes / Eds. N. A. Hegazi [et al.]. - American University in Cairo Press. - Cairo, Egypt, 1994. - P. 43-52.
87. Okon, Y. and Agronomic application of Azospirillum: an evaluation of 20 years worldwide field inoculation / Y. Okon, C.A. Labandera-Gonzalez // Soil Biol. Biochem. - 1994. - V. 26. - P. 1591-1601.
88. Saric, M.R. Specific relation between some strains of diazotrophs and corn hybrids / M.R. Saric, Z. Saric, M. Govedarica // Plant Soil. - 1987. - V. 99. - P. 147-162.
89. Sumner, M.E. Crop responses to Azospirillum inoculation / M.E. Sumner // Advances in Soil Science. - 1990. - V. 12. - P. 53-123.
90. Belimov, A.A. Effektivnost' inokulyatsii yachmenya smeshannymi kul'turami diazotrofov: avtoref. dis. …kand. biol. nauk: 06.01.04 / A.A. Belimov; VNIISKhM. - L., 1990. - 19 s.
91. Tilak, K.V.B.R. Response of barley (Hordeum vulgare) to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense / K.V.B.R. Tilak, B.N. Murthy // Curr. Sci. - 1983. - № 19. - P. 12-16.
92. Cinitsyn, M.V. Effektyunasts' preparatau dyyazatrofnykh bakteryi pad kalasounik bezastsyukovy / M.V. Cinitsyn [i insh.] // Vestsi AN BSSR. Ser. s.-g. navuk. - 1990. - № 2. - S. 67-70.
93. Fages, J. An individual view of Azospirillum inoculants: formulation and application technology / J. Fages // Symbiosis. - 1992. - V. 13. - P. 15-26.
94. Maiorova, T.N. Podkhody k optimizatsii introduktsii azospirill / T.N. Maiorova, P.A. Kozhevin, D.G. Zvyagintsev // Mikrobiologiya. - 1996. - T. 65, № 2. - S. 277-281.
95. Han, S.O. Variation in nitrogen fixing ability among natural isolates of Azospirillum / S.O. Han, P.B. New // Microbial Ecology. - 1998. - V. 36. - P. 193-201.
96. Volkogon, V.V. Effektivnost' bakterizatsii zlakovykh trav azospirillami / V.V. Volkogon // Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya biologiya. - 1997. - № 5. - S. 73-77.
97. Karyagina, L.A. Vliyanie mikroorganizmov roda Azospirillum na urozhainost' mnogoletnikh zlakovykh trav / L.A. Karyagina, V.N. Nesterenko // Vestsi AN BSSR. Ser. s.-g. navuk. - 1988. - № 2. - S. 79-82.
98. Shtamm assotsiativnykh azotfiksiruyushchikh bakterii Azospirillum brasilense B-4485 dlya obrabotki semyan zernovykh kul'tur i mnogoletnikh zlakovykh trav: pat. 4632 Resp. Belarus' / V.N. Nesterenko, L.A. Karyagina, T.B. Barashenko, N.A. Mikhailovskaya, N.A. Kurilovich, G.V. Moroz; zayavitel' RUP «In-t pochvovedeniya i agrokhimii». - № 970432; zayavl. 05.08.1997; opubl.30.09.2002 // Afitsyiny byul. / Nats. tsentr intelektual. ulasnastsi. - 2002. - № 3.
99. Mikhailovskaya, N.A. Effektivnost' bakterizatsii ezhi sbornoi Azospirillum brasilense B-4485 na dernovo-podzolistoi supeschanoi pochve / N.A. Mikhailovskaya, G.V. Zhila, L.A. Yurko // Pochvennye issledovaniya i primenenie udobrenii. - Minsk, 2004. - Vyp. 28. - S. 217-222.
100. Mikhailovskaya, N.A. Vliyanie mineral'nogo pitaniya na effektivnost' bakterizatsii ovsyanitsy lugovoi Azospirillum brasilense V-4485 / N.A. Mikhailovskaya, L.A. Yurko // Zemlyarobstva i akhova raslin. - 2005. - № 6. - S. 15-16.
101. Vliyanie bakterial'nogo udobreniya Azobakterin na urozhainost' mnogoletnikh trav, kachestvo i akkumulyatsiyu radionuklidov 137Cs i 90Sr / N.A. Mikhailovskaya [i dr.] // Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya. - 2014. - № 1(52). - S. 333-347.
102. Effektivnost' bakterizatsii raznykh vidov trav Azospirillum brasilense / N.A. Mikhailovskaya [i dr.] // Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya. - 2006. - № 1(36). - S. 202-207.
103. Effektivnost' bakterizatsii yachmenya na dernovo-podzolistoi legkosuglinistoi pochve / N.A. Mikhailovskaya [i dr.] // Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya. - 2005. - № 2 (35). - S. 146-152.
104. Mikhailovskaya, N. The effect of seed inoculation by Azospirillum brasilense B-4485 on flax yield and its quality / N. Mikhailovskaya // Plant, Soil and Environment. - 2006 (9). - V. 52. - R. 402-406.
105. Azotfiksiruyushchaya aktivnost' i effektivnost' spirill, obitayushchikh na kornyakh rastenii / O.A. Berestetskii [i dr.] // Mikrobiologiya. - 1985. - T. 54. - Vyp. 6. - S. 1102-1007.
106. Khal'chitskii, A.E. Prizhivaemost' i effektivnost' deistviya bakterii roda Azospirillum pri inokulyatsii sel'skokhozyaistvennykh rastenii: avtoref. dis. …kand. biol. nauk. 03.00.07. / A.E. Khal'chitskii. - Leningrad. - 1989. - 16 s.
107. Sposob povysheniya produktivnosti mnogoletnikh trav: pat. 8239 Resp. Belarus' / N.A. Mikhailovskaya, N.N. Kurilovich, L.N. Luchenok, L.A. Yurko, S.V. Dyusova; zayavitel' RUP «In-t pochvovedeniya i agrokhimii» - № a 20010740; zayavl. 28.08.01; opubl. 20.04.2006 // Afitsyiny byul. / Nats. tsentr intelekt. ulasnastsi. - 2006. - № 3(50). - S. 82.
108. Aktivnost' fosfatmobilizatsii u rizobakterii / N.A. Mikhailovskaya [i dr.] // Pochvovedenie i agrokhimiya. - 2007. - № 1(38). - S. 225-231.
Review
For citations:
Mikhailouskaya N.A. AZOSPIRILLUM SPP AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON GRAIN CROP (REVIEW). Soil Science and Agrochemistry. 2015;(2):167-181. (In Russ.)
Views:
332
ISSN 0130-8475 (Print)
Email this article 