The article establishes the territorial features of the placement of millet crops (for grain) in the regions of the republic on the basis of an analysis of the sown areas of millet. The statistical data on the dynamics of millet grain yield for the period 2019–2021 were analyzed. On the basis of regression analysis, the influence of agrometeorological conditions on the yield of millet grain has been established. For the first time, the coefficient of stability of harvest production by regions of the republic was calculated, which made it possible to establish that the Vitebsk region is included in the zone of extremely unstable harvesting, two regions (Minsk and Mogilev) belong to the zone of unstable production, and the rest – to the zone of permissible sustainability of crop production (for grain).

The research results presented in this article are of great importance for the scientifically based formation of sown areas of drought-resistant crops, taking into account the assessment of agro-climatic data.

The article analyzes the change in soils of sloping lands. Under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, the soil profile is simplified: the eluvial horizon on non-eroded soil and the illuvial-humus horizon on strongly eroded soil disappear, and washed-out horizons form at the foot of the slope. The structural condition and erosion resistance deteriorate, especially on soils subject to intensive agricultural use.

The article presents the results of studies of changes in the main indicators of fertility of sod-podzolic soils of slope lands under the influence of erosion processes. Determined the ranges of their reduction depending on the degree of erosion, constituting up to 20–30 % on weakly eroded soils, up to 30–40 % on moderately eroded soils, and up to 40 % and more percent on heavily eroded soils.

The presence of trends in multidirectional changes in the content of humus, mobile phosphorus, mobile potassium and mineral nitrogen in the conditions of industrial crops on soils of various genesis and the degree of manifestation of erosion processes has been established.

Long-term comprehensive studies conducted by the staff of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry together with scientists from specialized organizations of the republic allowed to establish a high positive effect of organic fertilizers and the need for their use in scientifically based fertilizer systems. The authors of the article systematized the results on the chemical composition of various types of organic fertilizers obtained and used in agricultural production of the republic. This information is necessary for making effective management decisions on the selection and use of various types of organic fertilizers, modeling and forecasting crop yields in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus.

In a field technological experiment on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil, the agroeconomic efficiency of various winter wheat fertilization systems was studied, depending on the method of basic tillage. The incorporation of straw without a compensating dose of nitrogen, both during traditional and surface tillage, did not adversely affect the uniformity of seedlings and the development of winter wheat plants on soddy-podzolic sandy loamy soil. On sod-podzolic soils in field experiments, on average for 3 years, due to the effective fertility of medium-cultivated sandy loam soil, 40,9 centners/ha of winter wheat grain was obtained, the most optimal on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in the plowing block was a fertilizer system, including the application of N₇₀+40+40P₅₅K₄₅ against the background of straw, which ensured the formation of a winter wheat grain yield of 68,6 centners/ha, with surface tillage of the soil, a fertilizer system that includes the application of N₇₀+40+40P₆₅K₁₁₅ against the background of straw treated with the microbial preparation Zhytsen in a dose of 3 l/ha ensured the formation of a winter wheat grain yield of 733 centners/ha. Grain quality indicators are determined.

The analytical overview information on rapeseed as one of the most promising multifunctional agricultural crops in the article is presents. The ways of using rapeseed are shown. The current state and promising ways to increase its productivity of the main oilseed crop in the Republic of Belarus are shown to.

The article presents the results of research for 2020–2021. according to the intake of silicon compounds with atmospheric precipitation, the accumulation of mobile (potential, actual and active) silicon compounds in soddy-podzolic light loamy and loose sandy soils, with which lysimeters are filled, monosilicon compounds in soil solutions, data on the yield and accumulation of silicon of the first and the second crops of the crop rotation link (potatoes, corn), depending on the forms of fertilizers used.

The article presents the effect of complex fertilizers, micro fertilizers, growth regulators and complex micro fertilizers with growth regulators on growth dynamics, biomass accumulation, yield, content and removal of elements of spring triticale has been established. The use of a new complex fertilizer for spring cereals (NPK) grade 16-12-20 with 0,20 % Cu and 0,10 % Mn compared to the variant where carbamide, ammoniated superphosphate and potassium chloride were used in an equivalent dose (N60+30P60K90), increased the yield of triticale by 7,2 c/ha.

The maximum yield of spring triticale grain (51,6 and 52,1 c/ha) was obtained in variants where a microtim was used MicroStim-Copper L and Nutrivant Plus against the background of N60+30+30P70K120.

Screening of rhizosphere bacteria Azospirillum sp. and Rhizobium sp. by cultivation in modified liquid mineral media Dvorkin and Foster with increasing concentrations of glyphosate as a sole P-source resulted in the determination of perspective target objects, which are capable of herbicide glyphosate metabolization.